Highlights in Exodus: The Life, and Wife, of Moses
Highlights in Exodus: The Life, and Wife, of Moses
In our last discussion of Exodus, titled The Exodus In Controversy and History, we illustrated how the children of Israel in their nomadic post-Exodus period were described as the “Shasu of Yahweh”, which is to say, “Nomads of Yahweh”, by pharaoh Amenhotep III in inscriptions which had been made some time around 1390 BC. This correlates very well with our general estimations of the time of the event of the Exodus from 1450 BC. After over forty years of wandering in the Sinai desert, an event which the Egyptians must have spied out somewhat regularly, even if the children of Israel had gone north to the plains of Moab, and began to invade Canaan at that time, Amenhotep III must have known of their presence wandering in the wilderness, and recorded it as he had known it. This, beyond all doubt, proves the general veracity of the Exodus account.
The memory among the nobility of the Name Yahweh, a Name with which Moses had confronted the pharaoh in subsequent chapters of Exodus, also serves to corroborate the Exodus account of the plagues of Egypt and the ultimate release of Israel. So those events must have been sufficiently notable that the house of the pharaoh remember the Name of Yahweh.
Now here I am going to take an opportunity to take this proof of the historicity of the Exodus account a step further in Egyptian archaeology. While there is much academic debate as to whether the habiru or hapiru of the Tel el Amarna tablets are the Hebrews of Scripture, I would certainly insist that they are. But academic scholars point to the apparent use of the similar Akkadian word hapiru to describe groups of outlaws, brigands or robbers, or also marginalized outsiders or refugees. With this I disagree.
My first contention is this: a marginalized ethnic group taken to living outside of the fringes of society may naturally be perceived in such a manner, and the Hebrews, whether in Egypt or in Padanaram, do seem to have been marginalized and disenfranchised, having had no distinct land of their own. Then we should consider colloquialisms. For example, in Medieval Europe the word Slav, describing the people of Eastern Europe, became synonymous with slave in English, as the Vikings regularly traded Slavs as slaves in the West, whereby we have our word slave. In America today, if someone, even a friend, burdens you with undue requests, you may look at him and say something like “What am I, your nigger?” Of course, you are not making a statement that you are black, but blacks had been slaves for several hundred years, and they are the most recent slaves in our historical experience, so blacks are still associated with slavery in parts of our vernacular. The Israelites having escaped Egypt may easily have been seen in that same manner.











Recent comments